Now at the same time we also want to adjust the leading, and you will see it is set to 8 point, 1 point at this point in time. So now just hold down the Option key or the Alt key on the PC and use the Up and Down arrows to affect the Leading. So again it will do it at a quarter of point at a time, so I want you to keep going until you hit around 9.5. So 9.6 is close enough in this case.
Now we also want to affect the overall letter-spacing and the kerning. Now InDesign has built-in kerning, that's a great thing. Standard kerning is set to Metrics which just places a rectangular shape around the outside of every character and then adjust the letter-spacing based on that, which really isn't the most accurate way to do it.
But built-in, InDesign has over here something called Optical Kerning. Now once you may not notice a huge difference you will see in titles and headlines that this thus indeed kern based on the shape of the character, and that's the most natural fluent form to do so. So, make sure that's set to Optical so it's applied to every character inside of this paragraph automatically, but then this is the letter-spacing here, we want to bring that down to around -25.
Well, again we have specified that as a shortcut option of 5, so let's use a similar keyboard shortcut to the leading, hold down the Option key again, Alt key on the PC, and this time, use the left and right arrows to increase or decrease the letter-spacing, you will see the values there indeed changing at 5 at one time.
So I am going to go down to around -25, we will close this up for now. One more thing I want to double-check here is Hyphenation. Now you may find that you are looking at this pretty small at this point in time, it's not very easy to see if hyphenation is on or off. So we need to find a shortcut to be able to zoom up and see this closer.
All you need to do is hold down the Command key or the Control key on the PC, then hold down the Spacebar and you will notice your cursor changes to the Zoom Tool. If you position that now just to the upper left-hand side of this frame, click-and-drag an area that covers that first paragraph maybe just a little bit more over here on the right-hand side and then let go of the mouse, you will notice that that now zooms up to fill the screen.
Now you can see here that, in this case, the word Germany is indeed splits so hyphenation is turned on. So let's do like we did earlier on, come up here to the Paragraph Options in the Control Palette, come over to the hyphenate button over here and turn that option off. Now one of the final things we want to do is come back to the Character Formatting Options and change this type to Small Caps. Now if you turn Small Caps on here, you will notice it's okay, it's not great. One of the reasons is, is using Times which is a standard typeface, the upper capital character do look okay, the smaller capitals look a lot thinner than the original, and that's just a standard function of Small Caps when you are using a standard True Type or Type 1 font.
All it does is make the lower case characters smaller versions of regular capitals simply by scaling them down about 25%, therefore the characters get thinner and don't look like they are connected to the original. Well, we are going to fix that in just a second using Open Type font.
What we'll do is quickly go back across to the Paragraph Formatting Options here. Here are the Alignment Options and we will simply click the center item there to make sure that type is centered on this particular column. Now don't worry, that we are only doing this to the first paragraph, the idea here is that we will make a style sheet and then apply it to the rest of the type.
Come back over to the Character Formatting Options now, we stuck on this problem with the small capitals, we need to fix that using a completely new and different type of font, we are going to do that in the very next lesson.
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