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Cylinder heads, a design to help improve the swirl or turbulence of the air fuel mixture and prevent fuel droplets settling on the surfaces of the combustion chamber or cylinder walls. When air fuel mixture is compressed between the piston and the flat part of the cylinder head, it produces what is called squeeze, that means squeezing the gases to increase there velocity and turbulence.
In petrol engines, the three most popular combustion chamber designs are called hemispherical or pint roof, bathtub and wedge. This is the hemispherical or pint roof combustion chamber. It has the intake valve on one side of the chamber and the exhaust valve on the other. This provides cross flow. Air fuel mixture enters on one side and exhaust gases exit on the other. Positioning the valve in this way leaves room for relatively large valves and ports and that helps the engine breath. Breathing refers to the engine taking in the air or air fuel mixture.
Fuel starts to burn at the plug then burning travels outward in all directions. This is called flame propagation. With the plug in the middle of the hemisphere, the flame front has least distance to travel than in some other designs. This gives rapid and effective combustion. This design is common in a lot of passenger vehicles.
The bathtub combustion chamber is oval shaped like an inverted bathtub. Valves are mounted vertically and side by side making them simple to operate. The plug is to one side and that creates a short flame path. it all helps increase turbulence.
The wedge shaped combustion chamber tapers away from the plug, which is at the thick end of the wedge. The valves are inline and incline from the vertical. This design usually has a smallest surface area than the others with less area with fuel droplets can condense. Less fuel is left unburned after combustion, which reduces hydrocarbon exhaust emissions. And since the flame is directed towards the small end of the wedge, damaged caused by detonation is reduced.
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