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Let us look at cylinder sleeves. Cylinder sleeves are used in engine blocks to provide a hard wearing material for pistons and piston rings. The block can be made by one kind of iron that is light and easy to cast while the sleeve uses another kind that is better able to stand up to wear and tear.
There are three main types of sleeves, dry, flange to dry and wet. The dry sleeve can be cast in or press into a new block or used to recondition badly worn or damaged cylinders that can easily be reborn. It is a press fit and it is bore in the cylinder block. Its wall is about 2 mm thick. Its outer surface is in contact with the block for its full length. Its top finishes flash with the top of the block and can hardly be seen. Once in place, dry sleeves become a permanent part of the cylinder block.
A flange to dry sleeve is like a normal dry sleeve but the flange at the top fits into a recess in the surface of the engine block. It is not a tight fit and it can be replaced if it is worn.
With the wet sleeve, the outer surface is part of the water jacket around the cylinder. It is called wet because it has columns against its outer surface. This helps speed up heat transfer between the sleeve and the columns. The sleeve is sealed at the top to prevent column leaks. This stops column entering the combustion chamber and the bottom of the grain case.
A flange at the top of the sleeve fits into a recess in the block. The lower end has one or two ceiling rings. With cool engine direct contact with the cylinder sleeve, corrosion can be a problem. It can even insulate the sleeve from the column which reduces the main advantage of having a wet sleeve at all. The walls on wet sleeves are thicker than on dry sleeves. They do not have the same support from the block of the dry sleeves so they depend on the wall thickness to stop distortion
In diesel engines, vibration caused by combustion can cause cavitation. This damage is similar to corrosion and it can eventually destroy the cylinder.
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