Male Speaker: Well this video is going to be about fixing air conditioners, but first I am going to give you a lesson on heat. So that you can understand how air conditioners work and probably a lot of other things.
First of all there is no such thing about it is called Creating Cold. Cold is just an effect of removing heat that just means there is less heat. Even when it seems really cold outside it's still away above absolute zero there is still a lot of heat. All the heat that was in the universal originally when the big bang happened you know like fourteen and half billion years ago, and all matter and all space was created is really still here.
The heat in the Universe is either just floating around is moving particles about the size of electrons or protons, or it's encapsulated around the neutrons and protons in every atom. In every atom, that's tiniest part in the middle is neutrons and protons and then there is such mass of space like the size of our solar system like in a ratio of the sun in the middle with the distance of whole solar system with all the planets of empty space, which early is in empty its all encapsulated little heat particles trying to get out, so if you split one atom there will be enough heat in air to vaporize your body.
When a nuclear bomb goes off in a series of atoms or split in a exponential pattern, then what is happening is the heat that is encased around the electrons orbiting the atom or that least dust particles in the middle is released and that is like probably about 98% heat and about 2% other energies like light and gamma radiation, gamma radiation from all other wavelengths of electromagnetic spectrum.
Heat has mass also that means it can be sucked in by a black hole and never escape or it can be bent by passing by a large object with a strong gravitational force. It also has kinetic energy that's how actually heat things up. The kinetic energy of heat works by the fact that these little particles or hitting things, they are hitting the molecules and the little parts of make up everything that we know in see in touch. It's causing those parts to vibrate in the vibration is an increased amplitude of the natural emotion of that molecular atom and that is described as heat.
Looking down long roads lane ways desserts whatever with a lot of sun and heat from a distance you get something like a mirage, like a reflection of air or they look like water. Well this is in interference effect. The light protons are coming down of course the speed of light and the heat is also coming down at the same speed, when the short waves hit the ground they change to long waves and then they are reradiated back and when that happens their interfering the particles are colliding, heat particles and light particles making that image.
Now heat comes in more than one wavelength. There is long wave, short wave heat, infra red, except a little bit of space in the electromagnetic spectrum. For example when it comes down from the sky, and passes through your windows your car or whatever, it's traveling a short wave. Short waves are good waves that like to penetrate things. That penetrates atmosphere well, penetrates clouds well, stuff like that. Where the problem is when heat passes through glass, through moisture, through carbon-dioxide or some other mediums it's just change the long ray radiation. An long ray radiation does not like to escape very easily through surfaces like this, like glass or in order of the clouds. That's why on a cloudy evening it actually stays warmer, the clouds insulate the earth because the long waves are bouncing up the water particles and coming back to earth and you feeling them.
Green house gases like carbon-dioxide and methane, and stuff like that make a very good reflector for heat and that warms our atmosphere little bit more too. For density of our atmosphere actually what retains most of our heat and what makes us feel warm. So if we go up Mount Everest or very high in the sky like an aeroplane, it's very cold up there here is very warm on the earth. The reason is the air is a lot less dense and planets with no atmosphere there are scorching hot in the day time, but in the shade very cold and at night extremely cold.
Heat gives everything much of its properties. You know kind of its texture a little bit how soft or hard it is. If there was no heat and everything was at absolute zero everything would be infinitely conductive like a super conductor, and have weird properties and all gases would be solids. I find heat and gravity to be my most fascinating topics of science to think about and to want to understand.
Here is an experiment for anybody tired, and show you some of the properties of heat you normally aware off. Take any ordinary syringe the plunger is fully depressed like this. Knob the end together or some how cork the end with whatever you want to cork it with, then pull out the plunger on the syringe to almost the end and create a vacuum in there. If you let go releases very quickly and comes slamming to the end and of course there is no space again. But do the same thing over again and this time when it's all the way pulled out, put a vise-grip on the plunger shaft and that keeps it held out against the pressure of the air.
Now that it is still corked, so lot of empty space in there a vacuum. Well it's not really a vacuum for long something goes in there and starts to fill up some of the space and it is in air. Sure something did happen while you are doing that because you made a vacuum. There was less heat in there, that made that space in there cooler, but eventually that space warms up again to the same temperature as in the area that causes syringes in. After several minutes if we release the vise-grip, the plunger of course will suck itself back, but it will stop about there.
If you try to push and squeeze it you know push it down it will bounce back out so you think somehow air got in there, or air didn't get in there. Heat got in the air and since I said heat has kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion, so it hit something and causes it to move or to vibrate well since heat got in that syringe well it sat there now its pushing on the plunger just like air pressure. It's little movement of particles around in there or hitting everything on the inside wall just as if there was air in there.
So when you try to push the plunger back in, it tries to push the plunger back out little bit, yet there is actually nothing in there its well it's that the particles, it's a vacuum. Then if you just leave this syringe sit there all by itself air pressure will eventually take over, then will slowly push the plunger back to the original spot where there was no space and the heat will be push back out again cool.
Now you can start to understand how an air conditioner works. The front section of the air conditioner radiator and all those tubes is called the evaporator that's where the lowest pressure is in the air-conditioner. The back side is called the condenser, that's where the highest pressure is. Now since there is a gas in there under a lower pressure than it would like to be it's lacking in heat. Well it just like to syringe when you suck air across all those little fins transfer to the tubes and that allows heat to penetrate inside and fill up that less pressure space and warm up the freon, but the course when you the heat goes in there it's actually taken away from the air, so the air now has less heat in it and less moisture and the gas inside now has more heat in it.
So the heat now is travelling in the warmed up freon and then goes to the back of the air and is blown out as exhausted heat. All air-conditioners have a compressor, this one is called a rotary compressor, some have an oval compressor this is called a piston compressor that actually looks like a little long more engine in there with a piston in valves and electric motor driving it.
Inside this one it looks more like a hydraulic pump with a round thing with fins on it, rotating in an half centre space. All compressors have an input and output that's called a suction line, that's input called an output line the high side line or pressure line. They all have two radiators not always in the same box just like an essential air conditioning the one radiator can be outside of the house and the other one inside of the house. In the furnace and they all have a fan motor one to suck air in the front and pull it out and another one to blow air at the back.
So I made a diagram to show you how the system works. This is have hot compressor based air conditioning systems function, first you have a compressor of course it sucks gas in freon, squishes it to much smaller space when it does that there is not enough space in there anymore to easily hold the heat that was contained in that gas. So the heated gas now goes through the coil called the condenser. This is like a radiator, the tubes just loop back and forth, then they come out a fan blows in that radiator to dissipate the heat and cool it off to room temperature. When the hot gas exits it's now turned into a liquid because it's been cooled. Those that is little tiny tubes, skinny tube there actually 2 feet long the tube looks just like a wire, but it's actually hollow. The reason you do have this long skinny restricting tube of course it's a freon through very difficultly is so that it can create back pressures so we maintain liquid freon on the condensing coil.
By the time the freon goes to distance of that tube and gets to the evaporator it is all the largest diameter tubes in the air-conditioner much larger than this tube. This gives the liquid freon some place to want to expand and when a liquid is turns to a gas that's called evaporating, and it makes itself colder. So the liquid freon is now foaming and bubbling as it going through all these little tubes and the fan is blowing on the radiator by the time it gets to the top but at the end of the radiator its now a pure gas, where the pure gas is now warmed up to whatever temperature the room is where the fan is. Then the pure gas goes back to here. Now containing quite a bit more heat than it before especially when it came out here and gets recompressed again and then the heat of course is exhausted by condenser, so that's how all systems work.
This capline isn't always used sometimes they use something called a TX Valve or thermal expansion valve to create back pressure and reduce the flow of freon. A refrigerator works exactly the same way just at different pressures and with a different gas. A freezer works the same way too and so does the air-conditioning in your car exactly. Freon in the air-conditioner well it is running and these tubes in the evaporated this is about 66/67 PSI that's working correctly.
In the hotter back-condensing radiator the freon exists at about 170/180 PSI. When there isn't enough freon in the system it's low all the tubes will not get cold like they are supposed to only some of them will get cold and they will also form ice on the tubes and that's bad and that needs repair. In my next video I will describe how to repair air-conditioners now that you guys have a bit of red neck understanding how to understand heat and at least see how an air-conditioner work.
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