More than 10 million Americans have precancerous growths, known as Actinic Keratosis, on their skin. What exactly are Actinic Keratosis?
Dr. Hadley King: Actinic Keratosis or AK's are a common skin condition characterized by rough scaly patches on the top layer of skin. AK's occur due to sun exposure over long periods of time. Although, AK's are not actually cancer, they are classified as an earlier stage in it's development. AK's are not always dangerous, but 16% of untreated cases will grow into Squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer.
All AK's develop from keratinocytes which are the tough walled cells that make up 90% of the skin's outer layer. Years of sun damage can cause these cells to change in size and shape, resulting in the skin lesions that are characteristic of AK's. AK's usually develop on areas of the skin that receive the most exposure to sunlight. These include, the face, ears, scalp, neck, forearms and the backs of hands. Sometimes lesions appear on the lips, a condition that is called Actinic Cheilitis.
AK's vary in appearance. They can range in size from that of a pinhead to a quarter, and in color from light tan to red. On occasion, a lesion will grow into a small horn called a cutaneous horn. Almost anyone can get AK's, however, some people are more prone to them than others. It is certainly true that those who have spend a great amount of time in the sun, are more likely to develop the growth.
Because AK's develop with cumulative exposure to the sun's ultra violet rays, the skin lesions are most often found in people of 50 years of age or older. Earlier occurrence is rare and can usually be linked to tanning beds and sunny locations. People with fair skin, light hair, and light eyes are usually more sensitive to the sun's rays, and therefore more likely to develop AK's on their skin. For this reason, individuals with darker skin types rarely develop these lesions.
The prevalence of AK's is higher in men than in women. Although, no one knows why, it has been theorized that this is due to greater likelihood that men will have outdoor occupations, and thus receive greater sun exposure. A weakened immune system or immunosuppression, can also increase the odds of developing AK's. Many factors can stifle the immune system, among them taking medication to prevent organ rejection, chemotherapy and HIV.
Because AK's can progress to become Squamous call carcinoma, it's important for people with AK's to be under a dermatologist's care. A dermatologist will usually be able to treat Actinic Keratosis safely and effectively, ensuring that you stay healthy. Remember, see your doctor immediately if you have any concerns about your skin.
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